The average shipment by truck was 63 miles compared to an average of 640 miles by rail. Hazardous materials shipments by hazard class Flammable liquids are the predominant hazardous materials transported in the United States, accounting for 81.8 percent by value, 83.1 percent by weight, and 70.5 percent of the ton-miles of all hazardous ...Flatbed Freight Rates – August 22, 2023. National average flatbed rates are currently $2.50 per mile, $.02 lower than the July average. The Midwest has the highest average flatbed rates at $2.62 per mile; the lowest rates are in the West, with an average of $2.26 per mile. Nationally, load-to-truck ratios are at 5.30, compared to 7.13 in July.transportation costs per ton-mile than rail shipping for grain destined for export at central Gulf ports. Previous studies have examined the competitiveness between barge and rail service, focusing on the effect the availability of waterway shipping has on rates and market structure in the rail industry. Oct 10, 2018 · Rail vs Truck Cost Variance. An intermodal transportation strategy can help reduce cost variances. Unlike trucking, capacity and pricing stay relatively flat with rail. Capacity constraints for truckload can mean 35-40% price variation during peak seasons, but with rail, the variance is only 10-15%. Dec 1, 2015 · Compares cargo capacity of trucks, trains and inland river barges. One common 15-barge river tow has the same capacity as 1,050 trucks and and 216 rail cars pulled by six locomotives. Shows that barges can move a ton of cargo 576 miles with a single gallon of fuel, while trains get 413 and trucks 155 “ton-miles per gallon.”. Coal declined at 2.2 percent per year over this period, which affected rail greatly as it contributed to 40 percent of carload ton-miles in 2014. On the other hand, freight flows of crude petroleum have almost doubled each year since 2010, and shipments of nonmetallic minerals have grown substantially at 16 percent per year. May 1, 2001 · When the shipping cost and hauling time was similar, the probability of choosing a truck was 77%. ... For road the external cost is 1.11 USD cent per ton-mile, for rail 0.24-25 USD cents per ton ... Feb 24, 2015 · Cost and time before and after construction: Cost per ton: $100 before – 27.5 cents per ton per mile $ 6 after – 1.6 cent/ton/mile; 94% drop; Transit time: 45 days before 5 days after; 89% drop; Steam powered rail (L636): 1828 – first commercial railroad, in Baltimore; 1859 – rail reaches to Appalachian mountains at cost of 3 cents/ton/mile Oct 8, 2019 · US intermodal rail regains pricing edge against trucking Ari Ashe, Senior Editor | Oct 08, 2019 3:52PM EDT Despite weak intermodal volume in the third quarter, there is a glimmer of hope for rail shippers as a sequential bump in truckload spot rates have provided additional cost savings. Updated Freight Ton-Mile Estimates Technical Summary. Wednesday, July 26, 2017. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) has revised the methodology for calculating freight ton‐miles across modes. 1 The objective is to make more comprehensive estimates by using the estimates of total freight ton‐miles and pipeline ton‐miles from the ...transportation costs per ton-mile than rail shipping for grain destined for export at central Gulf ports. Previous studies have examined the competitiveness between barge and rail service, focusing on the effect the availability of waterway shipping has on rates and market structure in the rail industry.Rail costs assume loading 567 barrels of 956 kg/m3 at 15ºC (12API) undiluted bitumen into 25,330 US gallon tank cars with a track weight limitation of 268,000 gross weight on rail (GWoR). Rail rates are calculated using the American Association of Railways published 2015 cents per ton-mile average rail rates for all services all types of ...One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one ton of product, one mile. One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one gallon of milk about 225 miles. Importing a piece of furniture that weighs 100 lbs. from China to Seattle incurs over 300 ton-miles. 562 billion ton-miles were incurred in the shipment of coal in the US in 2002 alone.The data tables are based on primary data that EIA collects from plant owners and operators on Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, and on supplement data and analysis of coal transportation costs that we released in June 2011 and November 2012. The initial report on coal transportation rates covered 2001 through 2008, applied only to ...Dec 1, 2015 · Compares cargo capacity of trucks, trains and inland river barges. One common 15-barge river tow has the same capacity as 1,050 trucks and and 216 rail cars pulled by six locomotives. Shows that barges can move a ton of cargo 576 miles with a single gallon of fuel, while trains get 413 and trucks 155 “ton-miles per gallon.”. Jun 26, 2022 · What is the average freight cost per mile? Here are the current rates for the most popular freight truck types: Overall average van rates vary from $2.30 – 2.86 per mile. Reefer rates are averaging $3.19 per mile, with the lowest rates being the Northeast at $2.47 per mile. Average flatbed rates average at $3.14 per mile. Jul 7, 2021 · The calculator takes into account our spot transport rates by truck in Europe. To give you the best price, our algorithms are based on multiple factors such as: Our carrier network coverage in the area of the selected route. Distance between the pick-up and delivery address. The same study referenced above showed that external costs per ton-mile amounted to about $2.62 – $5.86 for road transport compared to only $0.3 – $0.82 for rail transport. These external costs include but are not limited to pavement and rail repairs, traffic congestions, accident risk, traffic congestions and emissions. FlexibilityTable 1: Grain Transport Cost Indicators (xlsx) - Weekly changes in truck, rail, barge, and ocean freight rates using diesel prices, nearby secondary rail market rates, Illinois barge rates, and ocean freight rates from U.S. Gulf and PNW to Japan as proxies. Source: Transportation & Marketing Programs/AMS/USDA Flatbed Freight Rates – August 22, 2023. National average flatbed rates are currently $2.50 per mile, $.02 lower than the July average. The Midwest has the highest average flatbed rates at $2.62 per mile; the lowest rates are in the West, with an average of $2.26 per mile. Nationally, load-to-truck ratios are at 5.30, compared to 7.13 in July.transportation costs per ton-mile than rail shipping for grain destined for export at central Gulf ports. Previous studies have examined the competitiveness between barge and rail service, focusing on the effect the availability of waterway shipping has on rates and market structure in the rail industry.Freight cost savings per ton-mile (1% * $0.034 = $0.0003 per ton-mile) is applied to all existing background ton-miles Shipping Cost Savings Œ New rail users Due to market competiveness between the rail and trucking industry, the total cost savings per mile of the rail industry will improve the competitiveness of rail compared to truck. The same study referenced above showed that external costs per ton-mile amounted to about $2.62 – $5.86 for road transport compared to only $0.3 – $0.82 for rail transport. These external costs include but are not limited to pavement and rail repairs, traffic congestions, accident risk, traffic congestions and emissions. Flexibility One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one ton of product, one mile. One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one gallon of milk about 225 miles. Importing a piece of furniture that weighs 100 lbs. from China to Seattle incurs over 300 ton-miles. 562 billion ton-miles were incurred in the shipment of coal in the US in 2002 alone. The railroad cost to ship machinery will depend on the size of the shipment and travel distance. In general, rail shipping has a lower cost-per-ton mile (the cost to ship one ton of freight one mile) than truck shipping. To learn how much it costs to ship farm equipment, construction equipment, and other heavy machinery by rail, get a quote. The same study referenced above showed that external costs per ton-mile amounted to about $2.62 – $5.86 for road transport compared to only $0.3 – $0.82 for rail transport. These external costs include but are not limited to pavement and rail repairs, traffic congestions, accident risk, traffic congestions and emissions. FlexibilityFreight Transport Revenue per Ton-Mile. Source: BTS, Table 3-21. Note: Cents per ton-mile. In a competitive market, the revenue a transport company generates depends on its costs and profit margin. High revenue per ton-mile is directly related to high operating costs associated with this revenue generation. The most important factor related to ... The number of ton-miles per gallon of fuel by barge is 514 miles, by train 202 miles and, by truck 59 miles. Barge traffic does not add to the noise pollution or congestion that is common with other modes. It is the safest type of transportation to move chemicals and toxic materials. Compare the Costs. The cost per ton-mile for a barge is only ... Jun 26, 2022 · What is the average freight cost per mile? Here are the current rates for the most popular freight truck types: Overall average van rates vary from $2.30 – 2.86 per mile. Reefer rates are averaging $3.19 per mile, with the lowest rates being the Northeast at $2.47 per mile. Average flatbed rates average at $3.14 per mile. Due to its ability to move major quantities of freight at one time, rail shipping has a lower cost-per-ton-mile (the cost of moving one ton of freight one mile) than truck shipping. In fact, a train requires less energy to move from Point A to Point B and can carry the freight equivalent of 300 trucks. Canadian National Railway's average fuel cost 2013-2021; ... U.S. average freight revenue per ton-mile in Class I rail traffic from 1990 to 2020 (in current U.S. dollar cents) [Graph], US ...Dec 25, 2017 · Carrying Boston bound containers via Newark (3,300 nautical miles @ $2,600) and a railway journey of 240 miles ($600) would cost $3,200 per container. Switching containers at Halifax ($2,300 ... estimated 70 percent of the total value, 60 per-cent of the weight, and 34 percent of the overall ton-miles. • Measured by ton-miles of the composite esti-mates, trucking was followed by rail at 31 per-cent, pipeline at 16 percent, and water with 11 percent. In general, trucking dominated ship-ment distances of less than 500 miles while rail In 2020, the average U.S. Class I freight rail employee earned wages of $95,700 and fringe benefits of $40,000, for total compensation of $135,700. By contrast, the average wage per full- time equivalent U.S. employee in 2020 was $71,000 (just 74% of the rail figure) , and the average total compensation was $87,000 (64% of the rail figure).Feb 10, 2023 · To estimate your rail freight rates, you have to take various factors into account. These include: For a rail freight trip from China to Europe, you’re looking at between US $8000 – $9000 for a 40ft container. In comparison, shipping a 20ft container via ocean freight from China to Northern Europe will cost you only US $1,500. So if time is ... transportation costs per ton-mile than rail shipping for grain destined for export at central Gulf ports. Previous studies have examined the competitiveness between barge and rail service, focusing on the effect the availability of waterway shipping has on rates and market structure in the rail industry. Aug 23, 2023 · Canadian National Railway's average fuel cost 2013-2021; ... U.S. average freight revenue per ton-mile in Class I rail traffic from 1990 to 2020 (in current U.S. dollar cents) [Graph], US ... – Tax rates on truck shipping: 2.3¢ per ton- mile, $1.62 per gallon – Tax rates on rail shipping: 0.3¢ per ton-mile, $1.34 per gallon Vehicle miles traveled (VMT ) tax (distance only, not weight) plus fuel tax – Truck tax rate: 30¢ per mile, $1.62 per gallon – Rail tax rate: 12¢ per mile, $1.34 per gallon VMT tax alone – Truck ...Flatbed Freight Rates – August 22, 2023. National average flatbed rates are currently $2.50 per mile, $.02 lower than the July average. The Midwest has the highest average flatbed rates at $2.62 per mile; the lowest rates are in the West, with an average of $2.26 per mile. Nationally, load-to-truck ratios are at 5.30, compared to 7.13 in July.The number of ton-miles per gallon of fuel by barge is 514 miles, by train 202 miles and, by truck 59 miles. Barge traffic does not add to the noise pollution or congestion that is common with other modes. It is the safest type of transportation to move chemicals and toxic materials. Compare the Costs. The cost per ton-mile for a barge is only ... Aug 28, 2023 · The vast majority of the remaining 96% of Amtrak’s more than 21,400-mile system consists of tracks owned and maintained by freight railroads. More than 70% of the miles traveled by Amtrak trains are on tracks owned by other railroads. Freight rail accounts for around 40% of long-distance ton-miles — more than any other mode of transportation. Jul 26, 2017 · Updated Freight Ton-Mile Estimates Technical Summary. Wednesday, July 26, 2017. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) has revised the methodology for calculating freight ton‐miles across modes. 1 The objective is to make more comprehensive estimates by using the estimates of total freight ton‐miles and pipeline ton‐miles from the ... than for rail, and average around 20 per cent and 11 per cent of shipping costs for the respective modes. Internalising those costs via a tax on payload weight, distance, and fuel would have induced, in 2007 data, a 3.1 per cent shift of ton-miles from truck to rail and a 0.7 per centJul 26, 2017 · Updated Freight Ton-Mile Estimates Technical Summary. Wednesday, July 26, 2017. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) has revised the methodology for calculating freight ton‐miles across modes. 1 The objective is to make more comprehensive estimates by using the estimates of total freight ton‐miles and pipeline ton‐miles from the ... RAIL CARS OR 70 TRACTOR TRAILERS VS. OR 144 TANKER TRUCKS 5.4– 42.3 CENTS PER TON MILE FOR HIGHWAY FREIGHT 2.5–3 CENTS PER TON MILE FOR RAIL VS. VS. In 2014, the average rush-hour commuter spent about 42 HOURS IN TRAFFIC, wasting aweek's worth of fuel and contributing to at least $160 BILLION of the nation's delay and fuel cost, according ...The same study referenced above showed that external costs per ton-mile amounted to about $2.62 – $5.86 for road transport compared to only $0.3 – $0.82 for rail transport. These external costs include but are not limited to pavement and rail repairs, traffic congestions, accident risk, traffic congestions and emissions. FlexibilityAt less than a penny charged per ton-mile, shipping by water is even cheaper than using a train. Water carriers also make highly efficient use of fuel. According to their 2012 annual report, the American Waterway Operators found that one gallon of fuel moves one ton of cargo 616 miles by inland barge, 478 miles by train, and only 150 miles by ...The average going rates for trucking per mile are: Average van rates: Between $2.30 and $2.86 per mile on average. Reefer truck rates: $3.19 per mile on average. Flatbed truck rates: $3.14 per mile on average. Many things influence trucking freight rates.The graph below was created using Google’s chart tools. The vertical bar graph shows the costs per ton mile for shipping freight on four transportation modes – truck, rail, air, and water. The costs per ton mile amounts are computed from US Department of Transportation data for 2002. The costs per ton mile were computed by dividing the 2002 ...Updated Freight Ton-Mile Estimates Technical Summary. Wednesday, July 26, 2017. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) has revised the methodology for calculating freight ton‐miles across modes. 1 The objective is to make more comprehensive estimates by using the estimates of total freight ton‐miles and pipeline ton‐miles from the ...The difference between the slide rules and the calculated results is between 10% & 15%. The Ton Mile figure in the +15% column is recommended. If you are drilling in rough formations without using a shock sub Use the Ton Mile figure in the +20% column. If no wickers show up you could try a lower percentage but the rule is watch the line. freight haulers, nor shippers, nor consumers. The unpriced external costs of transporting freight by truck (per ton-mile) are around eight times higher than by rail; those costs net of existing taxes represent about 20 percent of the cost of truck transport and about 11 percent of the cost of rail transport.Value Tons Ton-miles Percent Truck (private and for-hire) Parcel, postal and courier Water Air (including truck and air) Rail (includes truck and rail) Pipeline Other and unknown b) 0 50 100 150 200 250 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Index: 1980=100 Intercity truck Class I rail Water Oil pipeline Figure 1.Dec 11, 2020 · Not only is the container sector booming, but liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) shipping rates have just hit their highest point in a half-decade. On Monday, the Baltic Exchange assessed rates for very large gas carriers [VLGCs, LPG carriers with capacity of around 84,000 cubic meters] at $103,000 per day. That’s up from lows of under $20,000 per ... Dec 1, 2015 · Compares cargo capacity of trucks, trains and inland river barges. One common 15-barge river tow has the same capacity as 1,050 trucks and and 216 rail cars pulled by six locomotives. Shows that barges can move a ton of cargo 576 miles with a single gallon of fuel, while trains get 413 and trucks 155 “ton-miles per gallon.”. Published Rates. Locate pricing for any product from grain to coal or from lumber to steel -- as well as information on national tariffs, demurrage and storage charges, fuel surcharges and finance charges. Transit, Routing and Speed Tools.Shipping Cost Savings The general shipping costs associated with rail and truck modes are $0.99 and $2.02 per ton-mile respectively. It is assumed that currently both rates are market-clearing and thus a reduction of 5% (resulting from the proposed improvements) is applied to each mode’s rate to calculate shipping costs savings. Jan 6, 2012 · The graph below was created using Google’s chart tools. The vertical bar graph shows the costs per ton mile for shipping freight on four transportation modes – truck, rail, air, and water. The costs per ton mile amounts are computed from US Department of Transportation data for 2002. The costs per ton mile were computed by dividing the 2002 ... Jan 6, 2012 · The graph below was created using Google’s chart tools. The vertical bar graph shows the costs per ton mile for shipping freight on four transportation modes – truck, rail, air, and water. The costs per ton mile amounts are computed from US Department of Transportation data for 2002. The costs per ton mile were computed by dividing the 2002 ... Compares cargo capacity of trucks, trains and inland river barges. One common 15-barge river tow has the same capacity as 1,050 trucks and and 216 rail cars pulled by six locomotives. Shows that barges can move a ton of cargo 576 miles with a single gallon of fuel, while trains get 413 and trucks 155 “ton-miles per gallon.”.May 1, 2001 · When the shipping cost and hauling time was similar, the probability of choosing a truck was 77%. ... For road the external cost is 1.11 USD cent per ton-mile, for rail 0.24-25 USD cents per ton ... rail also benefit rail customers. The affordability of freight rail saves rail customers (and, ultimately, American consumers) billions of dollars each year and enhances the global competitiveness of U.S. products. Average rail rates (measured by inflation-adjusted revenue per ton-mile) are 40% lower since 1980, meaning the average rail shipper can Rail external costs are 0.24 cent to 0.25 cent (US) per ton-mile, well less than the 1.11 cent for freight trucking, but external costs for rail generally constitute a larger amount relative to ...For Canadian service, the trans-Pacific voyage to Vancouver ($2,500 to $4,500) would be followed by a 2,800-mile railway journey to Toronto ($7,500) with comparable cost to Montreal, for an ...Rail external costs are 0.24 cent to 0.25 cent (US) per ton-mile, well less than the 1.11 cent for freight trucking, but external costs for rail generally constitute a larger amount relative to ...average number of ton-miles p1·oduced per gallon of diesel fuel or per Btu by the sev eral modes of transport is a proper indication of theix relative efficiency is absurd. The number of ton-miles per gallon of fuel obtained by a given transport mode de pends on so many variables that any generalization is bound to be misleading. This is To estimate your rail freight rates, you have to take various factors into account. These include: For a rail freight trip from China to Europe, you’re looking at between US $8000 – $9000 for a 40ft container. In comparison, shipping a 20ft container via ocean freight from China to Northern Europe will cost you only US $1,500. So if time is ...Freight cost savings per ton-mile (1% * $0.034 = $0.0003 per ton-mile) is applied to all existing background ton-miles Shipping Cost Savings Œ New rail users Due to market competiveness between the rail and trucking industry, the total cost savings per mile of the rail industry will improve the competitiveness of rail compared to truck. Rail external costs are 0.24 cent to 0.25 cent (US) per ton-mile, well less than the 1.11 cent for freight trucking, but external costs for rail generally constitute a larger amount relative to ...For Canadian service, the trans-Pacific voyage to Vancouver ($2,500 to $4,500) would be followed by a 2,800-mile railway journey to Toronto ($7,500) with comparable cost to Montreal, for an ...C) I and III only. D) I and II only. A) I, II and III. Which of the following statements is true? A) Road transport is the least flexible of all the modes. B) Air cargo should be used for fast service over short distances. C) Railways are best at moving small volumes of bulky goods over short distances. D) All of the above are true. E) None of ... Rail external costs are 0.24 cent to 0.25 cent (US) per ton-mile, well less than the 1.11 cent for freight trucking, but external costs for rail generally constitute a larger amount relative to ...Intermodal rail freight is a transportation option that combines rail and truck shipping to transport freight over long distances. Intermodal rail freight involves shipping the freight by rail to a rail hub, where it is then transferred to a truck for final delivery to its destination. Intermodal rail freight can offer substantial cost savings ... Rail Cost Indexes include All-Inclusive Index Less Fuel (AII-LF), Index of Monthly Railroad Fuel Prices (MRF), Railroad Cost Recovery Index (RCR) and Rail Cost Adjustment Factor (RCAF).One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one ton of product, one mile. One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one gallon of milk about 225 miles. Importing a piece of furniture that weighs 100 lbs. from China to Seattle incurs over 300 ton-miles. 562 billion ton-miles were incurred in the shipment of coal in the US in 2002 alone.Feb 12, 2019 · Train. Railways consume up to 9x less energy per tonne-kilometer traveled than trucks. On average, trains are 4x more fuel-efficient. Can carry more freight at the same time. Cheaper for long-distance. Emit 75% fewer GHG emissions. The number of ton-miles per gallon of fuel by barge is 514 miles, by train 202 miles and, by truck 59 miles. Barge traffic does not add to the noise pollution or congestion that is common with other modes. It is the safest type of transportation to move chemicals and toxic materials. Compare the Costs. The cost per ton-mile for a barge is only ... Shipping Cost Savings The general shipping costs associated with rail and truck modes are $0.99 and $2.02 per ton-mile respectively. It is assumed that currently both rates are market-clearing and thus a reduction of 5% (resulting from the proposed improvements) is applied to each mode’s rate to calculate shipping costs savings. Published Rates. Locate pricing for any product from grain to coal or from lumber to steel -- as well as information on national tariffs, demurrage and storage charges, fuel surcharges and finance charges. Transit, Routing and Speed Tools.
of Transportation estimates that BTUs extended on per-ton mile total 433 for water transport and 696 for rail transport. However, Greene and Fan (1995)6 found rail and barge efficiencies to be much closer with the BTUs per-ton mile being 344, and 398 respectively. Davis (1999) found rail to be more energy effi- . Flashlight app widget iphone
Rail costs assume loading 567 barrels of 956 kg/m3 at 15ºC (12API) undiluted bitumen into 25,330 US gallon tank cars with a track weight limitation of 268,000 gross weight on rail (GWoR). Rail rates are calculated using the American Association of Railways published 2015 cents per ton-mile average rail rates for all services all types of ...Freight Transport Revenue per Ton-Mile. Source: BTS, Table 3-21. Note: Cents per ton-mile. In a competitive market, the revenue a transport company generates depends on its costs and profit margin. High revenue per ton-mile is directly related to high operating costs associated with this revenue generation. The most important factor related to ... estimated 70 percent of the total value, 60 per-cent of the weight, and 34 percent of the overall ton-miles. • Measured by ton-miles of the composite esti-mates, trucking was followed by rail at 31 per-cent, pipeline at 16 percent, and water with 11 percent. In general, trucking dominated ship-ment distances of less than 500 miles while rail Rail Cost Indexes include All-Inclusive Index Less Fuel (AII-LF), Index of Monthly Railroad Fuel Prices (MRF), Railroad Cost Recovery Index (RCR) and Rail Cost Adjustment Factor (RCAF).Airbus puts the fuel rate consumption of their A380 at less than 3 L/100 km per passenger (78 passenger-miles per US gallon). Air France Airbus A380-800. The mass of an aircraft can be reduced by using light-weight materials such as titanium, carbon fibre and other composite plastics. Expensive materials may be used, if the reduction of mass ... Value Tons Ton-miles Percent Truck (private and for-hire) Parcel, postal and courier Water Air (including truck and air) Rail (includes truck and rail) Pipeline Other and unknown b) 0 50 100 150 200 250 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Index: 1980=100 Intercity truck Class I rail Water Oil pipeline Figure 1. Shipping Cost Savings The general shipping costs associated with rail and truck modes are $0.99 and $2.02 per ton-mile respectively. It is assumed that currently both rates are market-clearing and thus a reduction of 5% (resulting from the proposed improvements) is applied to each mode’s rate to calculate shipping costs savings. Rail freight quote – break of costs. There are various factors for the calculation of rail freight costs. Here is a list with every included matter of expense: Rail terminal costs. At the rail terminal, there are also costs that have to be considered and covered. As soon as the train has arrived, the container and goods have to be unloaded. Air cargo – 1.177 kg CO2e per Tonne-Mile; Truck – 0.213 kg CO2e per Tonne-Mile; Train – 0.022 kg CO2e per Tonne-Mile; Sea freight – 0.0418 kg CO2e per Tonne-Mile (Source: EPA Emissions Factors for Greenhouse Gases Inventories 2022) Conversions. 1 Renewable Energy Certificate = 1 Megawatt Hour (MWh) = 1,000 Kilowatt Hours (KWh)Shipping Cost Savings The general shipping costs associated with rail and truck modes are $0.99 and $2.02 per ton-mile respectively. It is assumed that currently both rates are market-clearing and thus a reduction of 5% (resulting from the proposed improvements) is applied to each mode’s rate to calculate shipping costs savings. One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one ton of product, one mile. One ton-mile is the equivalent of shipping one gallon of milk about 225 miles. Importing a piece of furniture that weighs 100 lbs. from China to Seattle incurs over 300 ton-miles. 562 billion ton-miles were incurred in the shipment of coal in the US in 2002 alone. This is the accessible text file for GAO report number GAO-11-134 entitled 'Surface Freight Transportation: A Comparison of the Costs of Road, Rail, and Waterways Freight ShipmentFor Canadian service, the trans-Pacific voyage to Vancouver ($2,500 to $4,500) would be followed by a 2,800-mile railway journey to Toronto ($7,500) with comparable cost to Montreal, for an ....